Steel Dominates 130 Million Tons of Belt and Road Construction Emissions, Study Finds
Steel production drove the bulk of more than 130 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions linked to construction under China's Belt and Road Initiative between 2008 and 2024, a study in Environmental Science & Technology reported. The carbon-intensive metal alone made up 53 percent of total project emissions.
Researchers built the figure from a project-level tally covering more than 700 Belt and Road construction sites in 105 countries, spanning transport, energy, building and water work.
The steel share traces back to how China makes the metal at home. The country turns out more than half of global steel output, and that industry contributes roughly 15 percent of national carbon dioxide emissions. Roughly 90 percent of Chinese steel still comes from coal-fired blast furnaces, Kate Logan, director of the China Climate Hub and Climate Diplomacy at the Asia Society Policy Institute, said in a written statement.
That construction-phase carbon clashes with Beijing's pledge to peak greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2060.
The paper also identified an offset. Most energy projects financed under the initiative across that period were renewables, and operating them for about two years or less would generate emissions cuts comparable to the construction footprint of all 706 projects in the dataset, the authors estimated.
The payback echoes a separate finding on Chinese clean-tech trade. A 2025 Carbon Brief report concluded that exports of solar panels, batteries and electric vehicles from China cut global greenhouse gas emissions outside the country by 1 percent.
Source: insideclimatenews.org (opens in a new tab)1 sourcePermalink