Four governments want the shipping emissions package that carried a 63-13 vote at the April 2025 talks put back on the table for adoption: the UK, Australia, Canada and South Africa, Climate Home News reported.
That package, the Net-Zero Framework (NZF), reached provisional agreement in April 2025. It pairs emissions reduction targets for shipowners with payments to those that meet them and fees on those that do not.
Adoption stalled instead. Climate Home News reported that the US, in October 2025, persuaded a majority of voting nations to hold off on adopting the NZF for a year, following an intervention by US President Donald Trump and threats of sanctions and visa restrictions.
The targets behind the framework date to 2023: a 20% cut between 2008 and 2030, 70% by 2040, and net zero by or around 2050. Shipping accounts for 3% of global emissions, according to Climate Home News.
A rival route is on the table. Climate Home News reported that governments favouring a softer system are likely to back a Liberian proposal, which expert analysis suggests would cut emissions by only half at most by 2050, short of the sector's agreed climate goals.
Brazil has aimed at the finances rather than the targets. Its proposal shifts the raising and spending of Net Zero Fund monies back two years, from 2029 to 2031. Delaying the fund defers both sides of the NZF's core mechanism: the fees collected from ships that miss their targets and the rewards paid to those that beat them.
The April 2025 tally is what the four sponsors are asking governments to convert into a formal decision. Sixty-three votes in favour against 13 opposed gave the framework a majority among governments present.