By around 2060, Sweden's yearly stream of retired solar panels could reach 150,000 metric tons, against 17 metric tons in 2021, according to a circular-economy roadmap reported by pv magazine. Axfoundation and KTH Royal Institute of Technology authored the roadmap with industry partners, among them Svea Solar, El-Kretsen, Stena Recycling and REMONDIS.
RISE puts the 2060 figure inside a scenario band: 40,000 metric tons a year if deployment stays lower, 150,000 metric tons if expansion runs fast, with the heavier volumes starting to show up from around 2035, pv magazine reported.
Viability is the near-term problem. A dedicated photovoltaic (PV) recycling plant needs roughly 10,000 metric tons flowing in each year to work economically on RISE's estimate, and Sweden has not yet come close to that inflow.
Glass dominates what arrives. Roughly 67% of a typical panel is glass, 16% aluminum, 11% plastic and 4% silicon, per the roadmap. Each unit weighs about 20 kg.
Six of 12 European countries filing PV-specific treatment data hit the 85% recovery target in 2021, the European Environment Agency found, according to pv magazine.
The European Commission's Joint Research Centre estimates cumulative EU photovoltaic waste at between 21 million and 35 million metric tons by 2050.
One pilot process has pulled back more than 99.5% of a panel's original weight in testing, using electrohydraulic shockwave fragmentation and including routes for silicon and silver recovery, pv magazine reported.